Bibliography

Manuel
Fernández-Götz

5 publications between 2013 and 2018 indexed
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Works edited

Fernández-Götz, Manuel, and Nico Roymans (eds), Conflict archaeology: materialities of collective violence in late prehistoric and early historic Europe, Themes in Contemporary Archaeology, 5, Taylor & Francis, 2018.  
abstract:

In the past two decades, conflict archaeology has become firmly established as a promising field of research, as reflected in publications, symposia, conference sessions and fieldwork projects. It has its origins in the study of battlefields and other conflict-related phenomena in the modern Era, but numerous studies show that this theme, and at least some of its methods, techniques and theories, are also relevant for older historical and even prehistoric periods.

This book presents a series of case-studies on conflict archaeology in ancient Europe, based on the results of both recent fieldwork and a reassessment of older excavations. The chronological framework spans from the Neolithic to Late Antiquity, and the geographical scope from Iberia to Scandinavia.

Along key battlefields such as the Tollense Valley, Baecula, Alesia, Kalkriese and Harzhorn, the volume also incorporates many other sources of evidence that can be directly related to past conflict scenarios, including defensive works, military camps, battle-related ritual deposits, and symbolic representations of violence in iconography and grave goods. The aim is to explore the material evidence for the study of warfare, and to provide new theoretical and methodological insights into the archaeology of mass violence in ancient Europe and beyond.

abstract:

In the past two decades, conflict archaeology has become firmly established as a promising field of research, as reflected in publications, symposia, conference sessions and fieldwork projects. It has its origins in the study of battlefields and other conflict-related phenomena in the modern Era, but numerous studies show that this theme, and at least some of its methods, techniques and theories, are also relevant for older historical and even prehistoric periods.

This book presents a series of case-studies on conflict archaeology in ancient Europe, based on the results of both recent fieldwork and a reassessment of older excavations. The chronological framework spans from the Neolithic to Late Antiquity, and the geographical scope from Iberia to Scandinavia.

Along key battlefields such as the Tollense Valley, Baecula, Alesia, Kalkriese and Harzhorn, the volume also incorporates many other sources of evidence that can be directly related to past conflict scenarios, including defensive works, military camps, battle-related ritual deposits, and symbolic representations of violence in iconography and grave goods. The aim is to explore the material evidence for the study of warfare, and to provide new theoretical and methodological insights into the archaeology of mass violence in ancient Europe and beyond.

Contributions to journals

Roymans, Nico, and Manuel Fernández-Götz, “Fire and sword. The archaeology of Caesar’s Gallic War”, Military History Monthly 56 (May, 2015): 52–56.
Fernández-Götz, Manuel, and Nico Roymans, “The politics of identity: Late Iron Age sanctuaries in the Rhineland”, Journal of the North Atlantic 8 (2015): 18–32.  
abstract:
The Late Iron Age in the Rhineland area was a period of intensive social change, manifested in the development of a hierarchical system of sanctuaries. This paper discusses the social implications of this development, thereby emphasizing the role of regional and supraregional cult places as key-sites in the construction of politicized ethnic identities and associated power networks. Moreover, some interesting spatial and temporal patterns can be observed. In the Middle Rhine-Moselle area, the main sanctuaries and assembly places seem to be located in major fortified settlements (oppida) and often seem to have been the oldest elements within these sites. In the Lower Rhine region, there is no link between cult centers and fortified settlements, and at least one of the regional cult sites was situated in a forest.
abstract:
The Late Iron Age in the Rhineland area was a period of intensive social change, manifested in the development of a hierarchical system of sanctuaries. This paper discusses the social implications of this development, thereby emphasizing the role of regional and supraregional cult places as key-sites in the construction of politicized ethnic identities and associated power networks. Moreover, some interesting spatial and temporal patterns can be observed. In the Middle Rhine-Moselle area, the main sanctuaries and assembly places seem to be located in major fortified settlements (oppida) and often seem to have been the oldest elements within these sites. In the Lower Rhine region, there is no link between cult centers and fortified settlements, and at least one of the regional cult sites was situated in a forest.
Fernández-Götz, Manuel, “Ethnicité, politique et échelles d’intégration : réflexions sur les «pagi» gaulois avant la conquête”, Études Celtiques 39 (2013): 7–29.  
abstract:
[FR] Dans cet article est réalisée une approximation interdisciplinaire à l’étude des pagi gaulois de la période de l’indépendance. La combinaison de sources écrites, épigraphiques, archéologiques et anthropologiques permet de préciser le caractère à la fois politique et ethnique de telles entités, tout comme leur degré d’autonomie par rapport à l’échelon représenté par la civitas. La comparaison avec des subdivisions similaires présentes dans des zones telles que la Cisalpine, la Galatie ou l’Irlande Antique contribue à insérer cette forme de groupement dans un contexte plus ample, facilitant ainsi sa compréhension. Finalement, à travers l’étude de l’organisation du territoire est abordé le thème des chefs-lieux des pagi, tout comme les continuités et discontinuités existantes entre les époques préromaines et gallo-romaines.

[EN] Ethnicity, politics and integration scales : remarks on the Gaulish pagi before the conquest.
This paper applies an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the Gaulish pagi from the period of independence. The combination of written, epigraphic, archaeological and anthropological sources gives a clear view of the dual nature, both political and ethnic, of these entities, as well as the degree of autonomy they enjoyed from the socio-political level represented by the civitas. Comparison with similar subdivisions present in regions such as Cisalpine, Galatia or Ancient Ireland helps to place these groups into a wider context and thus enhance our understanding of them. Finally, the study of territorial organization allows us to address the issue of the pagi centers as well as the existing continuities and discontinuities between the pre-Roman and Gallo-Roman periods.
Persée – Études Celtiques, vol. 39, 2013: <link>
abstract:
[FR] Dans cet article est réalisée une approximation interdisciplinaire à l’étude des pagi gaulois de la période de l’indépendance. La combinaison de sources écrites, épigraphiques, archéologiques et anthropologiques permet de préciser le caractère à la fois politique et ethnique de telles entités, tout comme leur degré d’autonomie par rapport à l’échelon représenté par la civitas. La comparaison avec des subdivisions similaires présentes dans des zones telles que la Cisalpine, la Galatie ou l’Irlande Antique contribue à insérer cette forme de groupement dans un contexte plus ample, facilitant ainsi sa compréhension. Finalement, à travers l’étude de l’organisation du territoire est abordé le thème des chefs-lieux des pagi, tout comme les continuités et discontinuités existantes entre les époques préromaines et gallo-romaines.

[EN] Ethnicity, politics and integration scales : remarks on the Gaulish pagi before the conquest.
This paper applies an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the Gaulish pagi from the period of independence. The combination of written, epigraphic, archaeological and anthropological sources gives a clear view of the dual nature, both political and ethnic, of these entities, as well as the degree of autonomy they enjoyed from the socio-political level represented by the civitas. Comparison with similar subdivisions present in regions such as Cisalpine, Galatia or Ancient Ireland helps to place these groups into a wider context and thus enhance our understanding of them. Finally, the study of territorial organization allows us to address the issue of the pagi centers as well as the existing continuities and discontinuities between the pre-Roman and Gallo-Roman periods.

Contributions to edited collections or authored works

Roymans, Nico, and Manuel Fernández-Götz, “Caesar in Gaul: new perspectives on the archaeology of mass violence”, in: Tom Brindle, Martyn Allen, Emma Durham, and Alex Smith (eds), TRAC 2014: proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2015. 70–80.  
abstract:
This paper aims to introduce a new research project on the Roman conquest of Northern Gaul. In these districts, especially in the ‘Germanic’ frontier zone, the conquest had dramatic negative effects; the emphasis was on destruction, mass enslavement, deportation and probably even genocide. This more negative aspect of the Roman conquest has been the subject of little serious research. Until recently, this was not possible because of the lack of independent archaeological data for such research. However, the situation has changed substantially in the last two decades. Thanks to new archaeological, palaeobotanical and numismatic evidence, it is now possible to develop a more accurate picture of the conquest and its social and cultural impact on indigenous societies, as well as of Caesar’s narrative itself. Adopting a theoretical-methodological focus, this paper aims to show how archaeology can contribute to the study of mass violence and disruption by using a combination of archaeological and historical information. Whereas the relatively new domain of battlefield archaeology will be addressed through the analysis of the fortification of Thuin and its environment, the alleged genocide of the Eburones by Caesar will be revised on the basis of settlement patterns and environmental data.
(source: introduction (offprint))
abstract:
This paper aims to introduce a new research project on the Roman conquest of Northern Gaul. In these districts, especially in the ‘Germanic’ frontier zone, the conquest had dramatic negative effects; the emphasis was on destruction, mass enslavement, deportation and probably even genocide. This more negative aspect of the Roman conquest has been the subject of little serious research. Until recently, this was not possible because of the lack of independent archaeological data for such research. However, the situation has changed substantially in the last two decades. Thanks to new archaeological, palaeobotanical and numismatic evidence, it is now possible to develop a more accurate picture of the conquest and its social and cultural impact on indigenous societies, as well as of Caesar’s narrative itself. Adopting a theoretical-methodological focus, this paper aims to show how archaeology can contribute to the study of mass violence and disruption by using a combination of archaeological and historical information. Whereas the relatively new domain of battlefield archaeology will be addressed through the analysis of the fortification of Thuin and its environment, the alleged genocide of the Eburones by Caesar will be revised on the basis of settlement patterns and environmental data.
(source: introduction (offprint))